Friday, January 31, 2014

Most common Czech surnames


When you are searching for a family in Bohemia or Moravia and you don't know where the family was from surname often helps. There are surnames which occur only in a few specific villages and you can determine where the ancestors were from. But then there are those surnames which occur in tens of thousands. Here are ten of those most common surnames - how many people have them, what they mean and so on.


Almost every Czech surname has its male and female form. That's why there are two very similar surnames in all cases. 

1.  Novák - Nováková
This surname holds first place with almost 70 thousands occurences (35.5 thousands of female form, 34 thousands of male form). Novák means someone new in the village, someone who came from another place, or someone who built a new house. This surname was very usual after the Thirty Years' War when there were many people moved to new places to ensure the land cultivation or restoration of devastated and abandoned properties. 

2. Svoboda - Svobodová
Second place with 26.5 thousands (female) and 25.2 thousands (male form) occurences. Svoboda means liberty and people who had this name were personally free, freemen subordinated directly to the king and not "only" to some nobleman.

3. Novotný - Novotná
Surname very similar to Novák and Nováková - the meaning of the surname is the same, someone new in the village, person coming from another place. There are 25.3 thousands of women having this surname and 24.3 thousand of men.

4. Dvořák - Dvořáková
Another surname which has similar meaning as one of the previous surnames. Dvořák was originally a freeman who owned a farm, "dvůr". Dvůr is the word from which the surname was derived. People who were personally free were very proud of this status. There are 22.3 thousands of men with this surname and 23.3 thousands of women. 

5. Černý - Černá
One of the oldest surnames which was based on personal appearence of its holder. Černý means black and the surname meant someone with black hair or dark skin - usually people who were suntanned, often gypsies etc. This surnames is held by 18.5 thousands women and 17.8 thousands of men. 

6. Procházka - Procházková
This is quite specific surname connected to the fact that our crafting ancestors were travelling to get enough of experience to become masters of their craft. This surname is very common in milling families - procházka means walkabout or strolling and many millers left their homes to walk a long distance to get the experience. 16.7 and 16 thousands of occurences (female and male form). 

7. Kučera and Kučerová
Another surname originating in personal appearence. Kučera is derived from hair - it means curl, someone with curly hair. There are 15.1 thousands of male holders and 15.8 thousands of female holders of this surname. 

8. Veselý - Veselá
Not a personal appearence, but one's nature or character. Veselý means someone happy, good-tempered, person who has always a smile on. This surname is a bit of surprise in case of Czech people as there are not so many happy people nowadays. :) 13.6 thousands of women and 13 thousands of men have this surname.

9. Horák - Horáková
Someone who comes from hills or mountains - hora means hill or mountain, so horák is a word for hillman or highlander. Today there are 12.8 thousands of women having this surname and 12.2 thousands of men. 

10. Krejčí
One of those few surnames where is one form for both men and women. There are 12 thousands holders of this surname, not dividing among men and women this time. Krejčí means taylor - and this surname means that its first holder was taylor in his professional life.

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78 comments:

  1. I love it that Vesely is one of the most common Czech surnames. :) Doesn't Stiastny mean the same thing? (I have some of those.)

    A surname question for you: my great-grandmother was born a Tatar(ova). I've found the Tatar family in their little village of Stary Smolivec (near Hvozdany and Pribram) all the way back to the mid 1600s, and only there. Is this...a normal Czech name? The Tatars, as far as I know, are a Turkic ethnic group living in Russia/Ukraine/the Crimea. How would someone in a tiny village of SW Bohemia end up with this surname?

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  2. Hi Rose, yes, Šťastný is similar surname. :)

    Tatar... Well, there is one saying in Czech "he speaks like Tatar" = it's not possible to understand him. So this is one of the possibilities how the surname originated. Another case could be someone who fled from land invaded by Tatars (Turkish soldiers) and settled in the village. He was then called Tatar because he was "the one who fled from Tatars".

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  3. Thank you! Both explanations are interesting. Stary Smolivec is pretty far from any Turkish lands, so maybe they were just unintelligible. :) In any case, Czech surnames are much more colorful than English ones!

    As to the Tatar name, there is another family in the same village named Tatarek. The earliest Tatarek I find (marriage and and death records) does not show up in the birth records. However, the first name and approximate birth date match that of a Tatar child born in the village. Is it too much of a leap of logic to think the Tatareks are simply one branch of the Tatar family? Or are they generally distinct surnames?

    (And thanks so much for this web site. It is so informative! Yes, we can use the Actapublica and Trebon archive websites from afar, but it's very hard to find out about Czech culture and history from the U.S.)

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    1. Tatarek (Tatárek) is definitely derived from Tatar - Tatarek is small Tatar, so yes, the child born as Tatar could have the name Tatarek. Diminutives are usually used in case of younger brothers or brothers owning smaller piece of land than the original family. I think I already promissed an article about such surnames, will try to finally write it.

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    2. Thanks, I'm looking forward to it! :)

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  4. Hi, I have a question about Czech naming practices. In english if a father and a son have the same first name the father is called Senior, and the son is called Junior. ie Frank Novy Senior and Frank Novy Junior. How is this done in Czech?

    I am asking because I found a name which had "starý " [means old] after it - ie Vaclav Stanek starý. I found this on a birth of a daughter so does it mean I should continue to look for a son with the same first name?

    Dekuji!
    Daniel

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    Replies
    1. Hi Daniel, "starší" (senior) and "mladší" (junior) is usually used. :) Hope it helps.

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  5. Thanks, Blanka. I have seen this and wondered. Now I know.

    Mary Levesque

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  6. My son has traced our family name, Chitek, back to Bohemia. At the time our forefathers came to the USA the name was spelled Citek. Can you tell me where this name is located and what it means

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    Replies
    1. Hi Lynda, I suppose original form was Čítek? When you take a look on current map of this surname, most of its bearers live around Tábor - http://www.kdejsme.cz/prijmeni/%C4%8C%C3%ADtek/hustota/

      It's derived from an old Czech first name Čít.

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    2. Lynda, this is a common problem that people who come into the US face: should the surname continue to be spelled the same way as before (perhaps just dropping the diacritical marks) and have it pronounced differently; or should the pronunciation of the surname stay the same and spelling of it be changed?

      Your ancestors faced this dilemma as well. Their name was spelled "Čítek" and pronounced chee-teck. On coming to the US, they could have dropped the diacritical marks, and have their name written as "Citek", being pronounced as sigh-tik or see-teck. Or they could have written their surname as "Chitek", and have it pronounced in a similar way as in Czech. They chose the latter solution.

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    3. I wonder how much was lost in translation 'Chilek'. I can't find much after we came across the ocean...

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  7. What do you know about the names Bednarik and Dufek from Moravia?

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    1. Hello, Bednarik (Bednařík) is typical dimunitive from Bednář. It's surname derived from occupation where Bednář means cooper (hah, like Sheldon Cooper from The Big Bang Theory :)). Dufek is derived from old Czech first name Dušek (Duchoslav).

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  8. Hello Blanka! I love your blog and it has helped me so much! I recently spent some time in your beautiful country and was able to find out that my Drevo ancestors lived in Slapy (for 1 generation, and moved to America after most of his kids were born) (He went there to marry Rosa Podhrazsky!), Hlinice (for at least 3 generations, 2 of those generations were the village Rychtar/mayor), Kosin (for 1 generation),. Paseky for 1 generation and lastly Jistebnice (born in 1676) for what I can find is only 1 generation... no records are available before that! My question on this is: Would the name Drevo possibly be linked to Jistebnice, or maybe somewhere else, which could lead me to another place to research? Drevo is not that common, from what I can tell by the records!

    Also, I have not been able to find anything on the maternal side of my father (records are not yet available). Would you know anything about the surname Kasha (Kasa) and Shara (Sara)?

    Thanks for you input!

    Cammi Drevo-Amezcua

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  9. wow I have a cerny in my family tree - and my dad a zoubek is very dark complexion wise with dark hair and eyes

    I am very new to the geneaology stuff - and I love this site
    zoesfrogs@aol.com

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  10. Is the last name Kratochvil similar to Veselý? I have been told that Kratochvil means "amusing man", which seems similar to "happy", but maybe it means that the person told jokes?

    Two other family names are Karella and Živny/Živna. Could you please tell me what these two names might mean? Thank you.
    Kae Ellingsen

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    Replies
    1. Hello,
      I am a Kratochvil - the name comes from the Kratochvile Manor (hunting lodge) in Netolice that was built by the Rozmberk family in the 1500's. It appears that Kratochvil derived from the Manor which was used for hunting boar and referred to someone associated with the manor house in some was. Kratochvile referred to 'a pleasant or amusing pastime. ' It is searchable on 'Kratochvile Manor'.

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  11. Mikush and Svelha are family. Anything to do with these names would be appreciated asy sister is doing family history. Thanks Blanka!! Hope to go to this lovely country someday!

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    Replies
    1. Mikuš is from the first name Mikuláš (Nicolas). And Švehla comes from šveholit, which means to chirp or twitter.

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  12. Do you know anything on the surname Klas?

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    Replies
    1. Klas means corn spike, so probably the first holder was tall as a corn spike? :)

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  13. My great-grandmother was Moravian through her father's family. I finally managed to trace them back to Veselí nad Moravou where the spelling varies from Taschl (which they seemed to prefer in the US) and Tašl; whether the parish book is German or Czech doesn't seem to have any correlation and I couldn't tell you what the surname's ultimate origin is. I'm also getting the impression that this isn't a particularly common name to begin with. Does anyone know anything about it?

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  14. Hi not sure if you can help but I hope so. my grandfather and his brother came over from czech to australia when pop was a teenager. Our surname is Rez I can't seem to trace it any further than when they came here. My pop use to tell us stories about shortening the name could this have been a possibility? And would you know what it could have been?

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  15. My Oma and Opa both said to be from Czech/Bohemia, her surname Cimler/Cimlerova and my Opa Tobias, which is my surname. Any information on either of these names? I'm at a total loss for my Opa's parents on my ancestry research...

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  16. My Oma and Opa both said to be from Czech/Bohemia, her surname Cimler/Cimlerova and my Opa Tobias, which is my surname. Any information on either of these names? I'm at a total loss for my Opa's parents on my ancestry research...

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  17. I am trying to locate the origins of the Upah family. They immigrated from Bohemia to the US and settled in Iowa. I think the surname may originally have been Jupah or Jupa... But I can't find anything. Any insights?

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    Replies
    1. My grandmother was Agnes Upah and doing family history, her grandfather was Joseph Jupa, they were from Bohemia

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    2. My grandmother was Agnes Upah and doing family history, her grandfather was Joseph Jupa, they were from Bohemia

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  18. My family hails from Domazlice. Their Americanized surnames Kustka & Skarda are very common here since the 1900's. I would like to know if you have seen them before? We recently found the name Holanbek also but I am afraid all these names may have been changed.

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  19. Ashley, Actually, luckily the name Cimler is not a popular name in the Czech Republic. There are only about 43 instances of it, with a relatively large concentration in the Pelhřimov okres. You may want to start your search there.

    Given that you refer to them as Opa and Oma, and given the history of the nearby Jihlava, I imagine that they were ethnic Germans (Sudenten Germans) who were expelled out of Czechoslovakia after World War 2. See, for example, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia
    While you are searching for your relatives, you should realize that the Expulsion to this day remains a controversial or a taboo topic to many Czechs. To many who are older, who have either suffered personally or whose parents suffered under the Nazi occupation, the Sudenten Germans were traitors who aided Hitler in the occupation, and who should have been executed or interned in concentration camps. It is difficult to really explain this deep-seated resentment. Most younger Czechs do not have this attitude.

    I am no position to either condemn or condone the Expulsion; I simply mention it, because you should be aware that you may not get such a warm reception by Czechs as you would if your grandparents were ethnically Slavic Czechs.

    (As always, I am open to corrections on this, as well as any other issue.)

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  20. Looking for some direction for the surname:
    ZACEK from Moravia / Molenburk
    Have searched to find the correct village?
    Any help would be appreciated.
    Thank You


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  21. My grandmother's family is from Bohemia and I've had trouble finding info about their surname, Dejcmar. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  22. Blanka, My wife's mother was born in Litomerice, and came to the U.S. when she was three months old. Her grandfather was a Cerva And her grandmother was a Hrdlishka. Could you give me some insight on where to star my research. Any help would be appreciated

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  23. Does anyone know anything about the surname BAXA? I am not sure what the original spelling ay have been. I know our family is from the Plsen Region and mostly settled in Iowa.

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  24. Hi. Just stumbled across this site. Thank you for sharing your knowledge!! Our last name is Hlusak. I am wondering if you can help me figure out the meaning or any info on it. Also, we are very dark in complexion/olive. Any thoughts on that

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  25. Looking for information on Neterval and Spachek. US census documents say from Bohemia/ Germany.

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  26. Hiya Blanka.

    Would you be able to tell me the meanings of Shetka, Matchka and Skolka? I was under the impression that "ka" at the end of a surname was meant to indicate "younger".

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  27. Hello Blanka, My new son-in-law is from Pilzen. His mothers name is Kucera and read in your site that Kucera means curly hair. His father's surname is Stanek. Can you give me any insight to the name Stanek. The history and ethnic origins. I have a granddaughter with the name Stanek and am curious. The family immigrated in 1985 so their history is in the Czech Republic. We visited the family in 2013 and hope to go back soon. Thank you, I enjoy reading all the enteries.

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  28. Would anybody know what the surname Hradil means?
    I was told it could mean a stone wall or one who builds castle walls and also it could mean 'to pay' someone but I have never been really sure.

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  29. question; My Grandparents to usa in 1912 usa name spelling Cincola. listed on city census as from Austria, czechoslovakia, moravian. and spoke german and bohemian. Any ideas on Czech original last name so I can track through Czech Republic records?

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  30. Hi, my husband's grandfather came over to the U.S. as a stowaway from Czech. My husband was told that his grandfather was a Bohemian Gypsy who had to escape at they were killing off their family. His last name is now Karsnok, but, this is how it was pronounced, but not spelled originally. Could you maybe help me and the rest of his family trace him back? Thanks for your help.

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  31. Hello! I'm searching for more information on the Sukup/ Kuryvial family from Vnorovy, Moravia. My great grandparents came to America from there in 1910 and I'm having great trouble finding any records from the Czech Republic on my relatives there. I know I still have family there. And interestingly enough, my DNA shows some Caucasus blood-- I'm assuming from the Ottoman Empire's presence in Eastern Europe long ago? Thanks for your help!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. try the actapublica website and then where it shows a magnifying glass icon, type in the Vnorovy village name. You will have to do some searching in the indices for your last name 'Sukup and Kuryvial' You may have a long search, but hopefully you will find their records.

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    2. I know this is an old thread, but there are Sukups from Vesely nad Moravou which is near Znorovy. I have no information on Kuryvial as I've never heard that before. But I myself am a Sukup.

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  32. My husband's family came from Kalinovo. Martin Dusa (with the divot over the s) and Elizabeth (Elsabeta) Humenyik. Do you have any information about these names; they don't sound like the other Czech names I am reading about.

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  33. My husband's Bohemian family came to America in 1871, on a boat out of Bremen, Germany and entered at Galveston, Texas. Their name is Mataska, though it was spelled Martiska on the passenger list. He was a mason. I am desperately trying to find what their name really was and where they came from.

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    Replies
    1. Might the Masonic lodges in Bohemia have a roster of former members?

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  34. My maiden is Supak. Can you please tell me where this name originally came from. Thanks for your help in advance Tammy

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  35. Hello, my grandfather's name seemed to change from one census to the next, at first it was listed as Sersfn, and then Sersen. He immigrated from Veseli Nad Moravia in 1907. Do you have any information on this surnsme? Maybe the first spelling was a mistake, but he also listed his first name then as Ferdinanom, then later as Ferdinand. Thank you!

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  36. Hi, so glad to have found this interesting site. My father's name was Vnoucek (his parents moved to Podmokly (Decin) in the Sudeten Land before they had children. My grand-mother's name (maternal) was Kotcka (cat) and she came from Plzen. If anyone has any comments/information, I would be very grateful. Many thanks.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hello,

      I don't speak Czech, but Russian is a related Slavic language, and "Vnuk/Vnuchka" means grandson/granddaughter in Russian. Vnouchek means little grandson in Russian, and diminutives are popular in that region of the world. Again, I can't confirm, but I can make a solid guess.

      Delete
  37. My Great grandmother was Agata Maskova. I know she was born in Bohemia but no further than that. Her first child was born in 1879 so I estimate she was born around 1855.

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  38. Hello. I am a fifth generation Texas Czech. My great, great grandfather (Stepan Merka) emigrated in 1873 from Halenkov, Vsetín, Zlinsky in the Czech Republic to Fayetteville, Texas. I am wondering how common the Merka name is. I also have Martinka and Orsak (Orsag) roots as well. Nope...my last name does not reflect my Czech heritage...but my mother was 100% Texas Czech.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. this website http://www.kdejsme.cz/ will show you how many Merka's live in the Czech Republic, just type in the surname in the search bar and it will show the distribution of your surname throughout the country.

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  39. Any info on surname Berka? My grandfather Frank W Berka was born in Bohemia in early 1880s...Immigrated in 1896.

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  40. My great great grandparents were Mary C. Spisak and Andrew Swedren. From what I know they both were born in Czechoslovakia around 1885. Does anyone have any information on either of those surnames? I believe Swedren is a variation of Swidran. Any information would be helpful.

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  41. Does anyone know of the surname Jaros? My great great (?) Grandmother, Rosalie Jaros emigrated from poland/Czech area. We also speculate that she was part of the Roma/Gypsy people. Is this a possibility?

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  42. Hello
    what do you know about the name Kuhr
    here are the ortographs that I found
    Kihr, Kyhr, Kuhr,
    Khir, Khyr, Khur,
    Kir, Kur, Kyr
    we find this name since 1650 in Moravia in the villages
    Brodek u Konice, Desna, Lhota and Konice, Nova Dedina, Premyslovice, Konice

    thank you

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  43. Has anyone heard of the last name Brazik. This is my husbands grandmothers last name. He father was from Moravia.
    I have tried to look for Brazik and can not find it anywhere.
    Please help

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  44. Has anyone ever heard the surname Bazata? My great grandmother was from Blatna, South Bohemia and I cannot find any information regarding his name other than in the U.S. Is it possible that it is spelled incorrectly? I am also looking for information on my grandmother's maiden name, Exner and they were from Prague. Is this a Bohemian name as well?

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  45. hello, do you know anything on the surname Kadlecek?

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  47. I'd like to help a former high school student of mine learn more about his heritage. His uncle Emil Quaisser, who died this summer in Germany, was highly honored in his town. I commented that I'd never come across a German family name of "Quaisser," and the boy replied that his family's origins may have been Czechoslovakian....

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  48. Hi! I've been searching high and low for the background behind my ancestors' last name Zahrobsky - any insight would be helpful, thank you! They were from the Rokycany area of Bohemia.

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    Replies
    1. I have Zahrobsky from Rokycany in my line too! I bet we are related somehow. Sadly I don't know the meaning of the name either. You can email me at linda at windstream dot net if you'd like to connect.

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  49. I'm researching a family named Jakes in Minnesota. The name appears as Jakesh in early documents. Is this a phonetic spelling for Jakeš? Is this a shortened name? I'm not finding it in Czech records.

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  50. Hi. Please assist me. Is there a Czech surname of Pisnog(Pist noch) I am not sure of the spelling. This was my great great grand fathers surname. Can any one advise me please?

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  51. Has anyone heard of the names Skapik (Skápik), Slodičák, Nekovár, Valenčík, Timko, or Pipa? I was told that a man from the Czech military (who immediately knew what Skapik meant when he saw it) had told my father that the 'schkah-piks' were people who would walk to the watering hole, dip the large water-holding container into it, and haul the water back to the village. I have been searching all over for meanings to these names. Any help on these names would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

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  52. I'm looking for information about Marie Nesbeda b.1820 married Frank(franz?) Schritter (Schreiter?). Family were bakers.

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  56. I'm looking for information on my Ambroz family in Bohemia. At one time I think they lived in Trebon area.

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  57. Anyone familiar with the surname Zacek (Czacek)? Any idea it's history or where someone with this surname may have lived in Bohemia?

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  58. Is anyone familiar with Czechs with the surname "Haman"? My wife is a Haman with paternal ancestors from Kolin and Kutna Hora.

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